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Choroba Addisona – zaburzenie wciąż trudne do zdiagnozowania
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Wyszukaj w serwisie


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Choroba Addisona – zaburzenie wciąż trudne do zdiagnozowania


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Niedoczynność kory nadnerczy u człowieka po raz pierwszy opisał Thomas Addison w 1855 roku. Stąd zaburzenie to wzięło swoją nazwę. Dopiero około 100 lat później pojawiły się doniesienia o występowaniu choroby Addisona u zwierząt.

Choroba Addisona dotyczy nadnerczy, parzystych gruczołów endokrynowych, które leżą pozaotrzewnowo w okolicy nerek. Są częścią układu dokrewnego organizmu. Nadnercze składa się z rdzenia i kory, która leży zewnętrznie i stanowi do 90% całości gruczołu. Histologicznie wyróżnia się w niej trzy warstwy: pasmowatą, siatkowatą i kłębkowatą. Warstwy pasmowata i siatkowata działają razem. Odbywa się tu produkcja glikokortykosteroidów (m.in. kortyzol, kortykosteron) oraz androgenów. Warstwa kłębkowata odpowiada za wydzielanie mineralokortykosteroidów, głównie aldosteronu. Rdzeń nadnerczy produkuje katecholaminy (adrenalinę, noradrenalinę).

Niedoczynność kory nadnerczy jest stanem wynikającym z niedoboru produkowanych przez nią hormonów. Synteza steroidów nie pokrywa zapotrzebowania organizmu. W tab. 1 przedstawiono główne funkcje, jakie pełnią kortyzol oraz aldosteron.

WWP_5_16_CHOROBA_ADDISONA_TAB_1 choroba addisona
Tab. 1. Działanie kortyzolu i aldosteronu

Deficyt tych hormonów powoduje deregulację metabolizmu oraz gospodarki elektrolitowej organizmu. Konsekwencją może być nawet śmierć, szczególnie gdy dojdzie do tzw. przełomu nadnerczowego.

Wyróżnia się dwie podstawowe postacie niedoczynności kory nadnerczy: pierwotną i wtórną. Czasem opisuje się także względną niedoczynność kory nadnerczy. Pierwotna związana jest [...]

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Mogą zainteresować Cię również


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Wizytówka firmy


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Sklep


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