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Choroby trzustki u psów i kotów
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Wyszukaj w serwisie


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Zapalenie trzustki i zewnątrzwydzielnicza niewydolność trzustki u psów i kotów


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Trzustka to narząd o aktywności wewnątrzwydzielniczej (o charakterze endokrynnym) i zewnątrzwydzielniczej – wydzielanie enzymów trawiennych. By zapobiec samostrawieniu, trzustka uwalnia enzymy głównie w postaci nieaktywnych zymogenów (proenzymów), aktywowanych w świetle jelita cienkiego, a także zabezpiecza się przed śladowymi ilościami aktywnych enzymów. Mechanizmy te są jednak zawodne – przy ich zaburzeniu może rozwinąć się zapalenie trzustki (ang. pancreatitis), które jest najczęstszą chorobą części zewnątrzwydzielniczej trzustki u psów i kotów. Wyróżnia się dwie formy zapalenia: postać ostrą oraz postać przewlekłą, która może doprowadzić do zewnątrzwydzielniczej niewydolności trzustki (1, 2).

Anatomia i fizjologia trzustki

Trzustka psów i kotów składa się z trzech głównych elementów: trzonu i dwóch płatów – prawego (przebiegającego wzdłuż dwunastnicy) i lewego (leżącego w okolicy śledziony). Równie istotną częścią jest układ przewodów wyprowadzających, dzięki któremu możliwe jest wydzielanie do dwunastnicy enzymów i zymogenów produkowanych przez komórki wydzielnicze trzustki. U psów obecne są zwykle dwa przewody trzustkowe – przewód główny i trzustkowy dodatkowy, a u większości kotów tylko przewód główny.

W obrazie mikroskopowym miąższ trzustki jest utworzony z płacików (z licznymi komórkami wydzielniczymi), pomiędzy którymi znajdują się komórki endokrynne – ich skupiska tworzą wyspy trzustkowe, będące częścią wewnątrzwydzielniczą trzustki, stanowiącą zaledwie 1-2% masy narządu.

Funkcją zewnątrzwydzielniczej części trzustki jest m.in. synteza i wydzielanie aktywnych enzymów trawiennych (lipazy, amylazy, dezoksyrybonukleazy i rybonukleazy) oraz zymogenów (trypsynogenu, chymotrypsynogenu, proelastazy i profosfolipazy). Związki organiczne zawarte w [...]

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Mogą zainteresować Cię również


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Wizytówka firmy


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Sklep


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