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Cukrzyca psów a cukrzyca kotów
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Wyszukaj w serwisie


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Cukrzyca psów a cukrzyca kotów – różnice w podejściu terapeutycznym


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Czynność wewnątrzwydzielnicza trzustki jest możliwa dzięki skupiskom komórek nazywanych wyspami Langerhansa. U dorosłych zwierząt stanowią one 1-2% całkowitej masy trzustki. W skład wysp wchodzą cztery typy komórek: α produkujące glukagon, β syntetyzujące insulinę i amylinę, γ odpowiedzialne za sekrecję somatostatyny oraz komórki PP wydzielające polipeptyd trzustkowy.

Insulina jest najważniejszym czynnikiem regulującym stężenie glukozy we krwi i jako jedyna obniża glikemię. Jest hormonem zaangażowanym również w metabolizm białek i tłuszczy. Głównym czynnikiem regulującym wydzielanie insuliny poprzez sprzężenie zwrotne dodatnie jest stężenie glukozy we krwi. Istnieje też szereg innych mechanizmów zapewniających prawidłowe wydzielanie hormonu, jego stężenie podstawowe oraz wzrost po posiłku. W te procesy zaangażowane są m.in. hormony inkretynowe (grupa hormonów jelitowych), do których należy glukagonopodobny peptyd 1 (GLP-1, ang. glucagon-like peptide-1) oraz glukozależny peptyd insulinotropowy (GIP, ang. glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide). Są one wydzielane przez komórki endokrynne przewodu pokarmowego w odpowiedzi na obecność składników odżywczych. Wzrost stężenia inkretyny powoduje zwiększenie wydzielania insuliny. Natomiast wydzielanie insuliny jest stymulowane również przez aminokwasy i kwasy tłuszczowe, bezpośrednio lub pośrednio, poprzez wspomniane hormony jelitowe.

Insulina jako hormon anaboliczny nie tylko obniża glikemię, pozwala także na utrzymanie prawidłowego stężenia substancji odżywczych w organizmie. Magazynowanie glukozy w postaci glikogenu, aminokwasów w postaci białek oraz kwasów tłuszczowych przez odkładanie się tkanki tłuszczowej jest główną funkcją tego hormonu.

Pojawienie się niedoboru insuliny bądź nieprawidłowego jej działania na skutek oporności [...]

Ten materiał dostępny jest tylko dla użytkowników, którzy są lekarzami weterynarii
lub posiadają wykupioną subskrypcję.
Masz aktywną subskrypcję?
Nie masz jeszcze konta w serwisie? Dołącz do nas

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Mogą zainteresować Cię również


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Wizytówka firmy


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Sklep


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Poznaj nasze serwisy