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Rola osi somatotropowej GH/IGF-1 w procesie wzrostu i rozwoju - Vetkompleksowo – serwis dla lekarzy weterynarii
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Wyszukaj w serwisie


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Rola osi somatotropowej GH/IGF-1 w procesie wzrostu i rozwoju zwierząt


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Prawidłowy wzrost i rozwój zwierząt jest uzależniony od ścisłej interakcji układu hormonalnego, immunologicznego i nerwowego oraz od wielu czynników środowiskowych mogących modulować to współdziałanie. Hormonalna oś somatotropowa składa się z hormonów podwzgórza (somatoliberyny i somatostatyny), hormonu wzrostu w części gruczołowej przysadki mózgowej oraz insulinopodobnego czynnika wzrostu IGF-1 syntetyzowanego w wielu narządach i tkankach obwodowych (1). Somatoliberyna (GHRH – ang. growth hormone-releasing hormone) działa na komórki somatotropowe w części gruczołowej przysadki mózgowej. Drugim hormonem podwzgórza działającym na komórki somatotropowe jest somatostatyna (SRIF, GHIH – ang. growth hormone-inhibiting hormone) hamująca wydzielanie hormonu wzrostu (2).

Rodzina genów hormonu wzrostu

Somatotropina jest hormonem białkowym o składzie aminokwasowym uzależnionym od gatunku zwierząt. Sekwencja aminokwasowa hormonu wzrostu u psów i świń jest identyczna, różni się jednym aminokwasem od GH występującego u kotów (3). Swoistość gatunkowa hormonu wzrostu warunkuje różną aktywność biologiczną i wskazuje na istnienie kilku genów kodujących białko somatotropiny. Zidentyfikowano i zlokalizowano geny somatotropiny u: ludzi, bydła, świń, owiec, myszy, ale wciąż trwają badania nad poznaniem dokładnej lokalizacji genów GH u innych gatunków zwierząt.

Długoletnie badania wykazały, że rodzina genów kodujących ludzki hormon wzrostu jest złożona z pięciu genów zlokalizowanych na chromosomie 17q22 (4). Gen przysadkowy (GH-N) koduje dwa alternatywne mRNA odpowiedzialne za syntezę dwóch białkowych molekuł GH krążących we krwi, w 90% jest to forma o długim łańcuchu i masie 22 kDa, a 10% stanowi forma o masie 20 kDa (brak [...]

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Mogą zainteresować Cię również


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Wizytówka firmy


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Sklep


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