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Rola żelaza w stanach patologicznych. Cz. I
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Wyszukaj w serwisie


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Rola żelaza w stanach patologicznych. Cz. I. Stres związany z chorobą powoduje zaburzenia gospodarki żelazem


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Żelazo jest niezwykle ciekawym pierwiastkiem – chociaż jego ilość jest tak niewielka, że zaliczane jest do mikroelementów, to odgrywa niezwykle ważne role w organizmie. Najważniejsza z ich to łączenie się z tlenem cząsteczkowym w hemoglobinie i mioglobinie, dzięki temu odgrywa kluczową rolę odpowiednio w transporcie i magazynowaniu tlenu u kręgowców. Jest również ważnym metalem występującym w wielu enzymach odpowiedzialnych za oddychanie komórkowe, utlenianie i redukcję (14). Wyjątkowe właściwości biologiczne żelaza wynikają ze znacznej zmienności potencjału redoks Fe2+/Fe3+, dzięki czemu miejsca związane z żelazem mogą mieć różne potencjały redoks, obejmujące praktycznie cały biologicznie istotny zakres. Aby spełnić te wymagania, ligandy białkowe dostosowują te potencjały do potrzeb.

Białka zawierające żelazo zostały podzielone ze względu na pełnione funkcje biochemiczne na:

  • Hemoproteiny – atomy żelaza w hemoproteinach są związane z czterema pierścieniami pirolowymi protoporfiryny IX (hemu) oraz z jednym lub dwoma ligandami osiowymi w białku. Istnieją trzy rodzaje hemoprotein: nośniki tlenu, aktywatory tlenu cząsteczkowego i białka transportujące elektrony (ryc. 1).
  • Białka żelazowo-siarkowe. Zawierają centra żelazowo-siarkowe, czyli grupy prostetyczne wielu enzymów. Pośredniczą w jednoelektronowych procesach redoks jako integralne składniki łańcucha oddechowego w mitochondriach. Białka te są również zaangażowane w wiele innych procesów metabolicznych, m.in. w kontrolę ekspresji genów, rozpoznawanie i naprawianie uszkodzeń DNA, wykrywanie tlenu i azotu oraz kontrolę komórkową pozyskiwania i magazynowania żelaza.
  • Inne białka zawierające żelazo:
    • jednoatomowe centra [...]
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Mogą zainteresować Cię również


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Wizytówka firmy


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Sklep


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Poznaj nasze serwisy