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Zaburzenia żucia pochodzenia neurogennego i nieneurogennego
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Wyszukaj w serwisie


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Zaburzenia żucia pochodzenia neurogennego oraz nieneurogennego


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Anatomia oraz fizjologia żucia

Staw skroniowo-żuchwowy (ang. temporomandibular joint – TMJ) (ryc. 1) jest stawem zawiasowym, w którym wyrostek kłykciowy żuchwy (łac. processus condylaris mandibulae) tworzy główkę stawu o walcowatym kształcie, łączącą się z cylindryczną powierzchnią panewki kości skroniowej (łac. fossa mandibularis ossis temporale) (3). U zwierząt mięsożernych znaczna niezgodność powierzchni stawu jest wyrównana przez krążek stawowy, który jednocześnie dzieli jamę stawową na piętro brzuszne i grzbietowe. Torebka stawu żuchwowego wzmacniana jest przez więzadło boczne, które napina się podczas otwierania pyska i rozluźnia się, w trakcie gdy staw jest zamknięty (3). Żuchwa porusza się pionowo w stosunku do szczęki i podczas procesu żucia jest przyciskana do szczęki. U psów obecne są także poziome ruchy niewystępujące u kotów, u których podczas żucia możliwe są tylko ruchy przecinające i jedynie minimalny ruch boczno-boczny żuchwy.

Ruch żuchwy zapewniają: mięśnie żuciowe (ryc. 1, 2) mięsień skroniowy (łac. m. temporalis), mięsień żwacz (łac. m. masseter), mięsień skrzydłowy przyśrodkowy oraz boczny (łac. m. pterygoideus lateralis et medialis) oraz mięsień dwubrzuścowy (łac. m. digastricus). Mięsień skroniowy i mięśnie skrzydłowe mają za zadanie unoszenie i wysuwanie do przodu żuchwy, natomiast mięsień żwacz jest odpowiedzialny za jej unoszenie/podnoszenie (3, 7). Unerwienie tych mięśni zaopatruje gałąź żuchwowa nerwu trójdzielnego, z wyjątkiem części doogonowej mięśnia dwubrzuścowego, która zaopatrywana jest przez włókna motoryczne nerwu twarzowego (2, 3). Histologicznie mięśnie żuciowe zbudowane są z mięśni poprzecznie prążkowanych, składających się głównie z włókien mięśniowych [...]
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Mogą zainteresować Cię również


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Wizytówka firmy


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Sklep


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