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Wścieklizna psów – epidemiologia, patogeneza, rozpoznawanie...
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Wyszukaj w serwisie


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Wścieklizna psów – epidemiologia, patogeneza, rozpoznawanie, zapobieganie oraz zagrożenie dla zdrowia publicznego


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Wścieklizna jest śmiertelną wirusową chorobą ludzi i zwierząt oraz najgroźniejszą zoonozą. Jej czynnikiem etiologicznym jest neurotropowy wirus należący do rodzaju Lyssavirus, rodziny Rhabdoviridae. Wirus kształtem przypomina pocisk karabinowy. Jego materiał genetyczny tworzy cząsteczka RNA zamknięta w kapsydzie, na zewnątrz którego znajduje się osłonka lipoproteinowa, której obecność czyni wirusa wrażliwym na rozpuszczalniki organiczne. Genom wirusa tworzy pięć genów kodujących nukleoproteinę (N), fosfoproteinę (P), białko macierzy (M), glikoproteinę (G) i wirusową RNA-polimerazę (L). W środowisku zewnętrznym wirus wścieklizny szybko ulega inaktywacji. Wykazuje wrażliwość na detergenty, światło ultrafioletowe oraz ogrzewanie. W zwłokach padłych zwierząt utrzymuje się najwyżej 3-4 dni. Obecnie w obrębie rodzaju Lyssavirus sklasyfikowano 14 gatunków. Są to: klasyczny wirus wścieklizny (RABV), Lagos bat lyssavirus (LBV), Mokola lyssavirus (MOKV), Duvenhage lyssavirus (DUVV), European bat lyssavirus typ 1 (EBLV-1) i typ 2 (EBLV-2), Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV), Aravan lyssavirus (ARAV), Khujand lyssavirus (KHUV), Irkut lyssavirus (IRKV), West Caucasian bat lyssavirus (WCBV), Shimoni bat lyssavirus (SHIBV), Ikoma lyssavirus (IKOV), Bokeloh bat lyssavirus (BBLV) oraz Lleida bat lyssavirus (LLEBV), który nie został jeszcze taksonomicznie przyporządkowany. W Polsce stwierdzano jak dotąd tylko klasyczny wirus wścieklizny RABV oraz EBLV-1 (Satora).

Choroba znana jest od stuleci. Jej nazwa wywodzi się od łacińskiego słowa „rabhas”, które oznaczało „czynić przemoc”. Wzmianki o wściekliźnie i jej przenoszeniu przez psy pochodzą sprzed ponad 4000 lat z terenów Mezopotamii. W 1804 r. potwierdzono, że wścieklizna może przenosić się poprzez kontakt ze śliną chorych psów, natomiast w roku 1881 Pasteur wykazał, że wirus będący czynnikiem [...]

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Mogą zainteresować Cię również


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Wizytówka firmy


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Sklep


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