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Analiza cytologiczna wysięków opłucnowych
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Wyszukaj w serwisie


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Analiza cytologiczna wysięków opłucnowych


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Gromadzenie się płynów w klatce piersiowej może być wynikiem zmian urazowych, zapalnych, zakaźnych, zatorowych bądź nowotworowych w obrębie opłucnej, płuc, serca lub śródpiersia. 

W patogenezie tego zjawiska ważną rolę pełni opłucna. W zdrowym organizmie jama opłucnowa zawiera jedynie niewielką ilość ubogiego w białka płynu – u człowieka ok. 1 g białka na dl (18), który podlega szybkiej wymianie – u człowieka ok. 5-10 l dziennie (2).

Rozprzestrzenianie się nowotworów w organizmie umożliwia gęsta sieć naczyń limfatycznych łączących wszystkie jamy ciała. Szczególną rolę w tym procesie odgrywa płyn otrzewnowy płynący w kierunku jamy opłucnowej – u człowieka ok. 50 ml/h (2).

Opłucna pokryta jest warstwą komórek nabłonkowych, pod którą znajduje się błona podstawna oraz podsurowicza warstwa tkanki łącznej. Blaszki ścienne opłucnej i otrzewnej są mocno unerwione, a tym samym szczególnie wrażliwe na ból (17).

Rozpoznanie kliniczne

Objawy kliniczne wysięku opłucnowego są bardzo zróżnicowane. Należą do nich: duszność, ból w klatce piersiowej i kaszel (14).

Podstawą diagnozy wysięku opłucnowego jest z reguły badanie radiologiczne (ryc. 2, s. 38). W przypadku podejrzenia wysięku opłucnowego najpierw wykonuje się zdjęcie RTG w projekcji tylno-przedniej, która znacznie mniej obciąża pacjenta niż projekcja przednio-tylna, a wykonywana w fazie wydechu jest najwrażliwszą metodą pozwalającą na wykrycie niewielkich ilości płynu pomiędzy płucami a ścianą klatki piersiowej [...]

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Mogą zainteresować Cię również


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Wizytówka firmy


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Sklep


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