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Jakie jest Twoje rozpoznanie? - cz. 3 - Vetkompleksowo – serwis dla lekarzy weterynarii
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Wyszukaj w serwisie


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Jakie jest Twoje rozpoznanie? – cz. 3


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ROZPOZNANIE:

NADCZYNNOŚĆ KORY NADNERCZY

LECZENIE I DALSZE DZIAŁANIA

Pacjenta poddano leczeniu trilostanem. Ze względu na obecność zmian skórnych przepisano amoksycylinę z kwasem klawulanowym i zastosowano miejscowo żel zawierający DMSO. W trakcie wizyty kontrolnej, która odbyła się dwa tygodnie po rozpoczęciu leczenia, stwierdzono, że stan ogólny pacjenta uległ poprawie – był on bardziej aktywny, mniej pił, a zmiany skórne zaczęły ustępować.

Wykonano test stymulacji ACTH – stężenie kortyzolu po podaniu ACTH wyniosło 142 ng/ml i było powyżej wartości granicznej 14,5 ng/ml, wskazując, że u pacjenta nie było ryzyka pojawienia się jatrogennej niedoczynności kory nadnerczy. Skontrolowano także parametry hematologiczne i biochemiczne – ALP spadło, ale pozostało podwyższone (691 IU/L, RI: 0-212 IU/L), ALT było tylko nieznacznie powyżej normy (115 IU/L, RI: 0-88 IU/L). Według zaleceń kolejny kontrolny test stymulacji ACTH powinien zostać wykonany miesiąc po rozpoczęciu leczenia. Zmiany skórne ustąpiły prawie całkowicie w przeciągu paru miesięcy (ryc. 2).

Wnioski

Obraz kliniczny był najbardziej typowy dla nadczynności kory nadnerczy – postawienie ostatecznego rozpoznania wymagało wykonania dalszych badań diagnostycznych. Mniej prawdopodobne rozpoznania różnicowe to: choroba wątroby, trzustki czy zaburzenie przewodu pokarmowego. Choć było to mało prawdopodobne, nie można było całkowicie wykluczyć niedoczynności tarczycy.

Podsumowanie

Nadczynność kory nadnerczy (zespół Cushinga) jest częstym zaburzeniem endokrynologicznym psów, które dotyka przeważnie osobniki w średnim wieku i starsze. Rozwój choroby jest konsekwencją długotrwałego działania nadmiernego stężenia glikokortykosteroidów. Samoistna nadczynność kory nadnerczy jest wywoływana obecnością guza przysadki (postać ACTH-zależna) lub nadnerczy (postać ACTH-niezależna).

Typowe objawy kliniczne to:
  • polidypsja,
  • poliuria,
  • polifagia,
  • obwisły brzuch,
  • nadmierne dyszenie,
  • słabość mięśni i różnorodne zaburzenia dermatologiczne (m.in.: wyłysienia, ścieńczenie skóry, ropne zapalenie skóry, hiperpigmentacja, słabe gojenie ran i zwapnienie skóry).

Najczęstsze zaburzenia laboratoryjne to podwyższenie ALP, cholesterolu i trójglicerydów. Inne zmiany to: hiperglikemia, hiperfosfatemia, leukogram stresowy, nadpłytkowość, białkomocz, zakażenie dróg moczowych i niski ciężar właściwy moczu. Rozpoznania nadczynności kory nadnerczy nie można postawić na podstawie pojedynczego pomiaru kortyzolu. Potwierdzenie choroby wymaga wykonania testu stymulacji ACTH lub testu hamowania niskimi dawkami deksametazonu.

Opcje terapeutyczne uwzględniają:
  • farmakoterapię (m.in. trilostan),
  • radioterapię (naświetlanie guza przysadki),
  • leczenie chirurgiczne (adrenalektomia albo przezklinowa resekcja części gruczołowej przysadki).

W przypadku gdy rozważana jest radioterapia lub leczenie chirurgiczne, niezbędne jest określenie postaci choroby (ACTH-zależna lub ACTH-niezależna).

Piśmiennictwo dostępne u autora.

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Mogą zainteresować Cię również


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Wizytówka firmy


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Sklep


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