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Białaczka kotów
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Wyszukaj w serwisie


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Białaczka kotów – etiologia, diagnostyka oraz najważniejsze aspekty prezentacji klinicznej


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Wprowadzenie i biologia wirusa

Wirus białaczki kociej jest jednym z najczęstszych czynników zakaźnych kotów. Jest to retrowirus (gammaretrovirus), z rodziny Retroviridae, podrodziny Orthoretrovirinae. Wirus ten jest odpowiedzialny za infekcje wirusowe kotów, nowotworzenie oraz dysfunkcję układu immunologicznego u kotów (1-4).

Wirus białaczki, jak wszystkie retrowirusy, jest wirusem RNA z otoczką. Niesie on enzym, odwrotną transkryptazę, który odwrotnie transkrybuje wirusowy genom RNA w formę DNA, który jest następnie wbudowywany w genom komórkowy gospodarza jako prowirus, przy pomocy enzymu – integrazy (5, 6). Budowa wirusa jest bardzo ważna ze względu na diagnostykę. Białka otoczki-P15E, Gp70 są odpowiedzialne za działanie immunosupresyjne wirusa. Białka rdzenia, z których najważniejszym jest p27, jest najistotniejsze z punktu widzenia diagnostyki (ryc. 1).

Wirus białaczki jest bardzo niestabilny w środowisku zewnętrznym. Do zakażenia dochodzi głównie poprzez bezpośredni, bliski, przyjacielski bądź agresywny kontakt. Wirus jest wydalany w bardzo dużych ilościach w ślinie, w znacznie mniejszej ilości w kale, moczu oraz mleku. W związku z tym do zakażenia może również dochodzić poprzez pośredni kontakt ze śliną, moczem lub kałem. Zakażenie poprzez łożysko jest również możliwe (6-8).

Formy zakażeń wirusem

Po zakażeniu wirus replikuje, początkowo w tkance limfatycznej nosogardzieli. Dalszy los jest zależny od kompetencji układu odpornościowego kota. U kotów immunokompetentnych replikacja wirusa może zostać powstrzymana na tym etapie poprzez odpowiednie działanie układu odpornościowego humoralnego i [...]

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Mogą zainteresować Cię również


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Wizytówka firmy


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Sklep


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