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Receptory Toll w atopowym zapaleniu skóry - Vetkompleksowo – serwis dla lekarzy weterynarii
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Wyszukaj w serwisie


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Receptory Toll w atopowym zapaleniu skóry


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Każdy organizm żyjący, od samego początku, narażony jest na wpływ różnych patogenów. Po wniknięciu takiego patogenu do ustroju uruchamiana jest cała „armia” komórek układu odpornościowego, mająca na celu wyeliminowanie patogenu z organizmu.

Patogeny wykształciły w czasie rozwoju ewolucyjnego szereg mechanizmów „ucieczki” przed układem odpornościowym organizmu żywicielskiego. Te typy receptorów opisano stosunkowo niedawno, rzucają one światło na patogenezę różnych chorób, w tym atopowego zapalenia skóry. Jest wiadome, że komórki immunokompetentne rozpoznają charakterystyczne dla danego patogenu lub grupy tzw. PAMP (wzorce molekularne związane z patogenami).

Do tych wzorców należą m.in.:
  • bakteryjny lipopolisacharyd,
  • lipoproteiny,
  • peptydoglikany,
  • RNA wirusowe,
  • niemetylowane sekwencje CpG (wyspy CpG),
  • białka czy toksyny komórek bakteryjnych itp.

Te antygeny rozpoznaje się za pomocą tzw. PRR (receptory rozpoznające wzorce).

Grupy receptorów PRR (receptory rozpoznające wzorce) to:
  1. receptory wydzielane: opsoniny, białko wiążące mannozę, białka surfaktantu, białko C-reaktywne,
  2. r. powierzchniowe: receptory uczestniczące w procesie fagocytozy, integryny itp.,
  3. r. wewnątrzkomórkowe: receptory NOD-podobne, białka indukowane przez interferon itp.

Receptory Toll należą do tzw. receptorów przezbłonowych. W takim receptorze wyróżnia się: fragment zewnątrzkomórkowy, fragment śródbłonowy i fragment cytoplazmatyczny.

Fragment zewnątrzkomórkowy odpowiada za wiązanie z odpowiednim ligandem charakterystycznym dla danego receptora. Przekaz sygnału do komórki odbywa się z udziałem białek, m.in. My D88 (myeloid differentiantion factor 88) lub bez udziału tego białka. W czasie aktywacji receptora dochodzi do uaktywnienia czynnika transkrypcyjnego Nf-kb (ang. nuclear factor kappa beta), a on wpływa na syntezę cytokin i chemokin, uczestniczących w reakcjach immunologicznych.


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Mogą zainteresować Cię również


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Wizytówka firmy


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Sklep


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Poznaj nasze serwisy