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Zrozumieć oporność drobnoustrojów - Vetkompleksowo – serwis dla lekarzy weterynarii
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Wyszukaj w serwisie


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Zrozumieć oporność drobnoustrojów


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Jak powstaje oporność?

oporność drobnoustrojów

Bakterie stają się oporne na skutek:

  • dezaktywacji antybiotyku,
  • modyfikacji miejsca docelowego działania środka antydrobnoustrojowego,
  • ograniczenia akumulacji substancji czynnej w komórce bakteryjnej,
  • zmiany ścieżki metabolicznej zakłócanej przez antybiotyk.

Niektóre bakterie są w naturalny sposób oporne na pewne klasy antybiotyków. Ten typ oporność powstał miliony lat temu.

Materiał genetyczny odpowiedzialny za antybiotykoodporność może być wynikiem nabycia pozachromosalnego DNA zawierającego gen oporności lub mutacji powodującej niewrażliwość na daną substancję antydrobnoustrojową. Jak to się dzieje, wyjaśniamy w szczegółach w dalszej części artykułu.

Nabycie pozachromosomalnego DNA niosącego gen oporności

Najbardziej istotne mechanizmy uzyskiwania oporności są związane z nabywaniem materiału genetycznego od bakterii tego samego gatunku lub innego gatunku (przykładem jest oporność na beta-laktamy u bakterii Gram-).

Pozachromosomalny DNA może być zlokalizowany na ruchomych elementach genetycznych, takich jak plazmidy i transpozony, które mogą być przenoszone szeroko i stosunkowo łatwo pomiędzy bakteriami. Ten materiał genetyczny ma potencjalną możliwość przenoszenia genów oporności i/lub wirulencji.

Mutacja w genie, który determinuje wrażliwość

[...]
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Mogą zainteresować Cię również


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Wizytówka firmy


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Sklep


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Poznaj nasze serwisy